Designing an efficient balloon car Essay Example

Structuring a proficient inflatable vehicle Paper In making our inflatable vehicle, we utilized numerous material science chiefs to change the structures until we had a well performing vehicle. The various directors helped us to change certain parts of our vehicle with the goal that each part functioned admirably together. The important that with each activity there is an equivalent and inverse response is the thing that we utilized for the push of our vehicle. We put together our wheels with respect to what ones caused the least contact. We utilized the way that vertical movement has no effect on even movement to decide how to arrange our inflatable on the vehicle. These various bits of the vehicle cooperating assist it with performing admirably. For the push of our vehicle, we utilized an inflatable connected to a PVC pipe. This funnel permitted us to let the let some circulation into of the inflatable all the more rapidly. It additionally helped us to coordinate the air straight back from the inflatable. The more air we had the option to discharge, the more negative flat quickening we could have. Anyway much speeding up there is in the negative is how much there will be in the positive in view of Newton’s Third Law of Motion. The more air that is discharged in the negative will push the vehicle forward quicker. We required the vehicle to go 1 meter in 3. We will compose a custom article test on Designing a proficient inflatable vehicle explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Designing a proficient inflatable vehicle explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Designing a productive inflatable vehicle explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer 5 seconds, and it needs to cover 10 meters. We attempted diverse measured channels and straws until we found a decent harmony among speed and separation. Erosion between the haggles ground was a major concern. We attempted a lot of various wheels to see which ones rolled the best. We chose utilizing CDs for the wheels since they had enough rubbing that they could hold the ground, however not all that much that it eased back the vehicle down. We likewise needed to stress over the grating of the axles turning. At the point when we would have the wheels turning on the finishes of a fixed pivot, they eased back down too without any problem. We at that point utilized a dowel pole through a straw with the goal that the wheels would turn simultaneously. The entire pivot turning worked better than attempting to get the wheels to turn openly in light of the fact that the wheels could get more effectively captured on something than only a smooth wooden bar scouring against the plastic straw. One of the significant changes we continued creation was the structure of the body. We initially had a triangular body, yet when we connected the inflatable to it, the inflatable was calculated upward. Since level movement has nothing to do with vertical movement, we realized any air going upward wasn’t pushing the vehicle forward. So we changed the body to a level surface with the goal that we could have the air going straight out behind the vehicle and utilize most of the push to push the vehicle ahead. Putting all these various angles together helped us to assemble a successful vehicle. For the push, we utilized Newton’s Third Law to plan it. We tried our wheels dependent on how much grating was made. Since vertical movement has no effect on the even movement, we realized all the push must be flat, so we realized how to situate our inflatable on the vehicle. The standards of material science helped us to construct an effective inflatable vehicle that has the speed and endurance wanted.

Movie Rental Industry Free Essays

Film Rental Industry Netflix and Blockbuster Case Analysis Lydia Floyd Strategic Management MGT422 February 28, 2013 Introduction Netflix serious procedure In request for Netflix to comprehend were the business lies as it identifies with the opposition it is essential to look for the right methodology so as to be and remain serious. The five serious methodologies are * Low-Cost * Broad Differentiation * Best-Cost * Focused specialty dependent on ease * Focused specialty dependent on separation Since every procedure requires absolutely an alternate moved toward my proposals will be founded on centered specialty based around separation. Netflix initially offered DVD’s on a charge for each DVD premise and in the long run fan out into the month to month membership administration business. We will compose a custom paper test on Film Rental Industry or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now The organization at one point was determined to have more than 11. 3 million supporters by 2009 and 8 million VOD (Video on Demand) clients by 2013. (See Exhibit 1) This display essentially shows how the quantity of video gushing decisions has expanded in the course of recent years. So the organization is moving the correct way to the extent expand their separation technique. The following display shows how Netflix analyzes to the its primary rivalry and how the company’s net revenue surpasses a contender like Blockbuster. The appended SWOT examination for Netflix specifies some significant focuses that are related with an engaged separation system. The organization is remaining dedicated to how to support the specialty superior to the opposition and addresses the zones that intrigue to explicit clients, for example, offering administrations that permit endorsers of return to steer scenes of a TV arrangement. This examination will permit the organization to recognize zones to focus on deliberately and to make a last determination to where the organization stands in general. Qualities * Increasing rivalry per part seeing is on the * Customers’ quitting is the most minimal it has ever been. * Clearest brand character â€Å"Watch TV shows films whenever, anywhere† * Netflix has outperformed the rivalries in improving personalization of client decisions as a result of huge participation base * Price $7. 99 every month * Exclusive Content: Of Netflix’s top ten TV appears, six are just on Netflix, and not accessible with contenders. Netflix’s DVD membership administration is very gainful, with commitment edges around half. * Services permit clients to go right back to the start of the principal season for TV shows Weaknesses * DVD memberships are down 8. 47 million endorsers in Q3, 2012 contrasted with 13. 81 million endorsers 1 year prior. * Brand endured when the o rganization changed the valuing * It could take three years for a full brand recuperation so as to see observable distinction to overall revenues * Streaming membership commitment edges are a lot of Opportunities International extension (worldwide) * Original creations offer a route for the organization to interface with client feelings. Organization will offer 4 TV arrangement this year that may be on Netflix * Lack of utilization of charge and Mastercards †Latin America. * Internet TV. Dangers * As Hastings called attention to, â€Å"With large markets comes competition† †There is a reasonable progress from direct TV to Internet TV and contenders need to partake in the benefits. * Contracts with Disney, Sony, and Universal * Hulu, offers its clients TV shows following they are publicized just because. Hulu, Amazon, and HBO contenders making more interests in gushing alternatives * United Kingdom is a serious â€Å"The looked for after upper hand over other film r ental contenders was to convey convincing client worth and consumer loyalty by dispensing with the issue associated with picking rent and bringing movies back. Develop forward the organization has 2 essential vital target 1 to keep on growing a huge DVD membership business and to extend quickly to web based conveyance of substance as that market portion created. (Case page c-102) The company’s income has kept on developing generously over that most recent few years. The following displays show the money related situation from the finish of 2006 to end of 2008 going from 996,660 to 1,364,661 with the net gain edge being at 6. 1% by 2008 which shows the organization gainfulness as it identifies with costs and liabilities. The following two slides simply give a visual for where Netflix thinks about to blockbuster as it identifies with deals through 2010 Reference Page Thompson , A. College of Alabama 2008 Case 5 Competition in the Movie Rental Industry in 2008: Neflix and Blockbuster fight for showcase initiative http://beta. fool. com/danielsparks/2012/10/31/netflix-swot-investigation/15522/http://www. slideshare. net/only1kiku/techindnetflix Gamble, John E. , Strickland, A. J. , Thompson, Arthur A. , 2010 Crafting and Executing Strategy McGraw Hill/Irwin New York New York http://fund. yippee. com/q? s=NFLXql=1 Instructions to refer to Movie Rental Industry, Essay models

How Do I Apply To A Writing Competition?

How Do I Apply To A Writing Competition?International essay writing competitions are open to students who have some level of English proficiency. Many schools in the United States offer this as an option for their students. In many cases, the competition is set up as part of a course that will be required of the student during the following school year.The events held in an international competition may be different than those that are held in American colleges and universities. Often, there will be several aspects that are being tested. In many cases, the focus of the essay tests the student's ability to demonstrate leadership and discuss real world issues such as travel, culture, etc.Many international writing competitions are based on a theme or topic. They are usually limited to a particular topic such as 'Sustainability.' The theme can include a range of topics such as international travel, global warming, global issues, the environment, etc.It is important to remember that inte rnational theme writing competitions are not the same as a general writing contest. For example, if a college student has an essay titled 'Global Warming' and is required to write a science paragraph, then it is unlikely that the student will be able to use a science metaphor in the essay. A student who writes that they are writing a science paragraph will have their assignment rejected.International theme writing competitions also have a greater focus on grammar and composition than do American essay competitions. An essay based on a global issue such as global warming or sustainability should be carefully constructed and well constructed. Many of the national and international colleges and universities have specific essay writing competitions that test these aspects.Often, these events are a way for college students to gain the experience that they need to enter into more rigorous writing competitions in the future. For some students, the competition gives them a chance to meet ot her writers from around the world. For others, it gives them an opportunity to meet each other at the school.Essays can be submitted for just one event or for several contests throughout the year. The writing must be done in a structured format that has been laid out ahead of time. The student will normally have a deadline for when they must submit their essays.It is important to note that a good student who has taken the appropriate classes and passed their first essay writing class will typically be accepted to an international competition. An international competition will have a different focus from an American competition. Students should be prepared to give their all to the international competition and to perform as well as they can given the constraints of the deadline and the writing format.

Software Blue Bubbles Pet Shop Database - Free Essay Example

1. 0Introduction 1. 1Historical Perspective Bubbles Pet Shop was opened on the month of May 2000 by Dr. Anthony Chua Villar D. V. M. The said pet shop is situated along Gonzales Street in Candelaria, Quezon. Bubbles Pet Shop offers a wide array of pets that you would acquire, like fishes, dogs, rabbits, hamsters, guinea pigs, mice and different kinds of birds. Aside from its adorable pets; different aquariums, dog and bird cages, dog foods, shampoo and other pet supplies is being offered. Dr. Anthony’s clinic is also sited in Bubbles Pet Shop. The clinic offers basic vaccination program for dogs and cats, wellness check-up, confinement, and surgery. Over the years, Bubbles Pet Shop has been patronized by people from all walks of life and attest the pet and owner bonding. So, what are you waiting for? Come and visit us! And feel free to choose pets that suits to your personality. 1. 2The Problem Addressed by the Project The proposed system of the proponents which is the Database for Blue Bubbles Pet Shop will organize the records of consultations, vaccination and checkups of pets on the pet shop. The current recording system of the pet shop is actually manual. Due to the manual system that they have, problems like missing records, loss of data and wrong details could possibly occur. 1. 3Significance of the Study The proposed system can lessen the time consume in writing the order of the customer. The loss of data will also be avoided. Since the system has its own database, the records of data will be organized. The system also provides an administrator log in page that will assure that the saved data will be secured. 1. Scope and Delimitation The proponents will use the compiler Macromedia Dreamweaver 8 to design the page of the system. The application that will use for creating the database is WampServer (php). 1. 5Users and Beneficiaries 1. 5. 1Pet Shop Owners Since the main users of this system will be the pet shop owner, therefore its beneficiaries will be the pet owners himself. 1. 5. 2Customers The system will provide the customers complete and accurate information abou t their pet’s check ups, consultations, and vaccinations. 1. 5. 3Proponents This study will greatly help the proponents develop their skills and reasoning. Their programming skills will also be enhanced. 1. 6Definition of Terms 2. 0Review on Related Literature and Studies This chapter intends to present the review of literature and studies relevant to the subject matter covered by this research. These reviews of literature and studies definitely help the proponents in formulating a more logical justification for completing their studies regarding the Database for Blue Bubbles Pet Shop. 2. 1Review on Related Literature

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The Battle Of Vimy Ridge - 966 Words

Panayioti Athanasopoulos Mr. Whitfield 9-4 April 4th 2016 Battle of Vimy Ridge The Battle of Vimy Ridge was one of the greatest military battles ever fought. This battle contributed to Canada’s coming of age as a nation. The taking of Vimy Ridge claimed more than 200,000 lives during the first World War and will forever remain in the history as one of the worlds great military triumphs. The Canadian Military used extensive planning, new innovative weaponry and relied on the tremendous courage and sacrifice of its soldiers in order to claim victory. The Canadian Military’s extensive planning of the assault on Vimy Ridge was one of the main reasons for its successful victory. Prior to the assault, the Canadian troops were intensely prepared in terms of their training. The soldiers were so well trained that if their leader was killed they would be able to follow through with the plan with great precision and execution. The battle was so thought out that there was absolutely nothing left to chance. The Canadians created maps of the entire ridge created from many previous ridge assaults (Stephens, John. Innovations.) along with arial photos of the location. As the Canadians captured German Soldiers they would try to make out as much information of the terrain as possible (Foot, Richard. Meticulous Preparation.) The maps would have the location of the German defences and provided them with the timetable of the checkpoints and trench outlines. The maps wereShow MoreRelatedBattle of Vimy Ridge 837 Words   |  3 Pagesknow n as Vimy Ridge, which has many high hills and was located in France. The Germans had captured this area since September 1914, the Germans started to build artillery proof bunkers and trenches. Germanys had the advantage in every battle; Germanys had their bases on top of the long hills. Which lead them to look down on their enemies, which was easier for Germanys to kill their target. After countries failing to capture Vimy Ridge, Canada decided they were going to attempt to fight for Vimy RidgeRead MoreThe Battle of Vimy Ridge918 Words   |  4 Pagesa respectable place on world stage. However, there were opportunities in Canadian history during the World War One that glorified Canada. Battle of Vimy Ridge was the most glorious Canadian battle that deserves the recognition of True origin of Canada as it recognized and identified Canada as a fierce-fighting nation on international scene. Although Vimy Ridge had some casualties, it unified Canadians with nationalism, recognized and earned Canada a place in World affairs as well as moved CanadaRead MoreThe Battle Of Vimy Ridge1006 Words   |  5 Pageswhole, was the sacrificial battle of Vimy Ridge. Vimy Ridge was proven to be essential to the foundation of Canada as it signified the birth of a new nation and it was considered to be the greatest battle fought, in World War One. Firstly, the Battle of Vimy Ridge established Canada’s emergence as a newly born nation from under the shadow of Britain and gave a verification of Canada’s prominence on the international level. For instance, after successfully regaining the ridge, it displayed to the BritishRead MoreThe Battle Of Vimy Ridge1927 Words   |  8 Pages1914-1945, 1950-1970, and 1971- 1990 Canada was involved in many wars that displayed her independence and strength as a country. The World War One battle of Vimy Ridge, in 1917, was the first grand victory of Canadian forces. The Canadian Corps, under Lieutenant-General Julian Byng, independ ently overcame the Germans. It was clear that, â€Å"[the battle of Vimy Ridge] was a stunning victory. The Canadians had gained more ground, taken more prisoners, and captured more artillery than any previous British offensiveRead MoreThe Battle of Vimy Ridge and Its effect on Canada1092 Words   |  5 PagesContrary to what any believe, the Battle of Vimy Ridge was more than â€Å"another bloodshed† to Canada as a nation. This battle confirmed Canada’s eligibility to participate on the world stage and that they are not to be trifled with by other nations. The accomplishments of the Canadian army brought respect from other countries to Canada. The Canadian army gained confidence in themselves after the victory at the battle Vimy Ridge The Battle of Vimy Ridge was significant to the growth of Canada as aRead MoreEssay on The Battle of Vimy Ridge: The Birth of The Canadian Nation1355 Words   |  6 Pagesendeavors was the battle of Vimy Ridge during World War One. It was a fierce battle between Germans and Canadians. Canada was trying to take over the German controlled ridge, which ran from northwest to southwest between Lens and Arras, France. Its highest point was 145 feet above sea level, which was exceptionally helpful in battle because of the very flat landscape. Already over 200,000 men had fallen at Vimy, all desperately trying to take or defend this important and strategic ridge. As a resultRead MoreVeni Vidi Vici Vimy (Vimy Ridge for Canada) Essay614 Words   |  3 PagesVeni, Vidi, Vici Vimy (following the outline plan given in 3.10) Introduction Paragraph: - World War 1, defining moment for Canadian nationalism. Did not escape unscathed, but the participation in the war gave a stronger sense of nationhood. - Canadas contributions into WWI led to international recognition; other countries must recognize you as sovereign. - The effort also brought acknowledgement to Canadas contributions and heroism on the battlefields of Europe, giving Canada the shotRead MoreCanada s National Healthcare Insurance Program1336 Words   |  6 Pagesparticipated in many battles during World War II. Some of these battles include the Battle of Hong Kong, Dieppe Raid, and D-Day. The Battle of Hong Kong and the Dieppe Raid may have been failures, but lessons from these battles helped Canada and its Allies succeed at D-Day. World War II was a turning point for Canada because it proved that Canada has a crucial role in international events. World War I and events during the twenties made Canada a more independent country. The Battle of Vimy Ridge was Canada’sRead MoreCanadas Involvement in World War One Essay1425 Words   |  6 Pages and it marked the beginning of independent Canadian forces fighting under a Canadian-born commander. On August 5, 1914, the Governor General declared a war between Canada and Germany. Battles such as Vimy Ridge, the Second Battle of Passchendaele and the Battle of the Somme were some of the worst battles that the world can find Canadians. Our northern nation had boasted over 600,000 soldiers to the battlefields whilst also providing vital manufacturing facilities and training soldiers fromRead Moreâ€Å"The battle for Canadian liberty and autonomy is being fought today on the plains of France and1500 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The battle for Canadian liberty and autonomy is being fought today on the plains of France and Belgium,† Borden said while introducing conscription. (Cook, 2011 3 ed., Vol. 13, p.13) At the beginning of the twentieth century, many Canadians were still adjusting to its new ways and ideas. Then the Greatest War the world had ever seen transformed the map of Europe and changed the nations, and the people, who fought in it forever. In Canada, for example, during the war the government faced great challenges

Athletic Training and Assessment

Question: Discuss about the Athletic Training and Assessment. Answer: Client interview and physical assessment Client Details Mark (name changed for maintaining confidentiality) is a 21-year-old athlete pursuing a career as a soccer player. The player has been a defender and has been playing soccer for a long time. Medical history questionnaire The client had a history of hypertension and was on medication. He has a habit of smoking and smokes a pack of cigarettes in a day. He has a family history of hypertension, and his father had died of heart attack. The client shows no signs of cardio-respiratory disease. His body height is 170 cm while his body weight is 65 kilograms. Treatment The client has earlier suffered an Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tear in his left knee. The injury he had suffered was three months back. He had been treated for the ACL by an athletic trainer. The client had moderate swelling in the area of injury. Symptoms The client had rotated the left knee forcefully at the time of changing direction. After the injury, there were complaints of pain in the left knee. Though he is relieved from the pain, he needs to take up muscle strengthening activities as he is weak after the injury. Psychosocial The client has the understanding of the seriousness of the injury and the effect on his body strength and stamina. However, he has been suffering from depression off late. He has the fear of losing his career and wants to regain an ability to play again. The client has been facing emotional issues due to the gap in his career. Activity level Presently his activity level is low, and he does not take up extensive physical activities of any form. Pre-injury, ha had been a high activity level. Client goals To get back into playing soccer, the client needs to take up specific activities that do not lead to discomfort or pain. Proper technique is to be followed for doing so. Mark wants to demonstrate endurance and full strength. He wants to score high on functional tests and is iso-kinetic devices tests. Social barriers or support network The client has a lack of self-motivation. Moreover, he is suffering from a lack of confidence to be physically fit again. There is a need of encouragement and companionship to be given to him. Physical assessment proposal It is desirable to undertake a series of tests for differential diagnosis. The tests that would be beneficial are valgus and varus stress test and patella apprehension test. Risk stratification and contraindication A crucial challenge is the identification of denominators of injury. The client has the anatomic, environmental, biomechanical and hormonal risk of injury due to the sport he plays. Program Design and Implementation Exercise prescription The prescribed training program would be beneficial for improving strength as well as hypertrophy. The gain in body composure would also be achieved. Program structure Aerobic physical activity Frequency- The client needs to perform the aerobic physical activity of moderate intensity on 5 days in a week. If he performs an aerobic physical activity of vigorous intensity, then he needs to restrict it for 3 days in a week. A combination of exercise of moderate and vigorous intensity in 3-5 days in a week would be suitable. Intensity- The client is recommended to undertake a combination of vigorous and moderate intensity aerobic exercise. A target heart rate can be calculated on the basis of 64-93% maximal heart rate. 40-84% heart rate reserve can also be the basis of the calculation of a target heart rate. Time- The aerobic exercise of moderate intensity is to be performed for 30 minutes in a day. The total minutes in a week needs to be a minimum of 150 minutes. If the exercise of vigorous intensity is performed, a minimum of 20 minutes in a day is required, and in a week it needs to be a minimum of 75 minutes. A suitable alternative to the continuous exercise can be intermittent exercise. Such form of exercise can be performed for a minimum of 10 minutes. The purpose of carrying out this exercise is the accumulation of the duration prescribed previously. It is advantageous if the individual gets additional health benefits. For gaining extensive benefits, the client can add to his aerobic physical activity and make it up to 300 minutes that is 5 hours, in a week. This physical activity would be of moderate-intensity. The other suitable option can be 150 minutes of aerobic physical activity of vigorous activity in a week. A combination of vigorous and moderate intensity activity equival ent to 150 minutes can also be undertaken. Mode- the nature of the aerobic exercise has to be rhythmic. Large muscle groups are to be involved in it along with best skills. Depending on the skills the client has, a higher level of fitness is recommended. Muscle-strengthening physical activity Frequency- The client needs to take up resistance exercise of each muscle group. This should be carried out at least 3 days in a week. A gap of minimum 48 hours is to be kept between the two consecutive exercise sessions carried out for the same muscle group. Intensity- a load of 80% of 1 repetition is the recommendation in case of resistance exercise. Time- the recommendation for the client is 8 resistance exercises. 4 sets with 12 repetitions are preferred for each set in case of each muscle group. The rest interval between two sets needs to be 3 minutes approximately. Mode- Stair climbing, weight bearing calisthenics, weight training programme and other activities that strengthen muscles are recommended for the client. Such kind of activities needs to involve all muscle groups that are important. It is recommended that multi-joint exercise involves multiple muscle groups. The target of the multi-joint exercise needs to be antagonist and agonist muscle groups. It is also desirable to include single-joint exercises that target the major muscle groups[1]. Other exercises Stretching exercises are recommended for the duration of 10 minutes. These exercises would involve the major tendon groups present in the body. Such tendon groups involve legs, hips, pelvis, lower and upper back, shoulder, and neck. A minimum of 4 repetitions is recommended for each muscle groups. This needs to be carried out for at least 2 days in a week. It is desirable that the stretching activities are carried out on all those days when the muscle-strengthening and aerobic activities are performed[2]. Effectiveness of program Documentation of the outcome of the exercise program is necessary for an effective decision-making process regarding the exercise design. The documents that would be referred to in the present case are Master Scenario Events List, Situation Manual, and Exercise Evaluation Guides. Client education The client needs to be given pertinent information regarding the exercise program recommended for him and the related aspects. Exercise is required for maintaining well-being and health. The structured, planned and repetitive activity would be beneficial for him if carried out on a regular basis. It will assist him in physical rehabilitation effectively. Aerobic activities help in making the lungs and heart work harder. This is achieved through the increase of blood flow through ones heart. In such form of exercise adequate oxygen is supplied to the large muscles for sustaining prolonged activity. In the case of muscle-strengthening activities help in maintaining balance and flexibility. The client also needs to be educated about the importance of maintaining a proper diet along with the physical exercises prescribed[3]. Exercise progression The volume of activities can be increased gradually over time for pursuing the prescribed level. The response given by the client to the exercise prescription is to be monitored. In case he is faced with difficulty in completing the prescribed exercise, he needs to reduce the duration and intensity. If the level is found to be easy, an increase in the duration and intensity can be considered depending on the comfort level. References Kenney, W. Larry, Jack Wilmore, and David Costill.Physiology of Sport and Exercise 6th Edition. Human kinetics, 2015. Haff, G. Gregory, and N. Travis Triplett, eds.Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning 4th Edition. Human kinetics, 2015. Powers, Scott.Exercise physiology: Theory and application to fitness and performance. McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2014.

Senegal An In Depth Study Essays - , Term Papers

Senegal: An In Depth Study Geography Senegal: An In Depth Study Senegal is a republic located in western Africa and has Dakar which is its largest city as capital. On the northern border is located Mauritania, on the east is Mali and on the Guinea. Senegal is also bordered by the Atlantic ocean on the west. Located in the center of the country is the small republic of Gambia. The county is pierced by the River Gambia. (see figure: 1) Figure 1 Senegal primarily is made up of a large plain. The only real exceptions to this are in the south east where relatively high elevations exist. There are only a few rivers of any reasonable size in Senegal, these include; the Saloum, Gambia, Casamance and of course the Senegal which runs along the northern border of the country. Like all rivers, these recess during dry seasons and surge forth during wet seasons. Like most other countries of this region in Africa, Senegal has a vast multitude of climatic regions. These range from dry desert to a wet tropical zone in the southern portion of the country leaving the dry region to the north. There are two distinct seasons; the dry season, and the rainy season. The latter lasts from July to October in the north. (see figure: 2) Figure 2 Here, the rainfall averages 350 mm . In the south the season starts a month later in June but ends as it does in the north in October. In the north the average yearly rainfall averages 1525 mm . In January the average temperature is 22 degrees centigrade and in July it averages at 28 degrees centigrade. In Senegal the citizens to indeed have to endure very diverse climatic conditions. Figure 3 Figure 4 As mentioned before the northern portion of the country is dominated by very dry desert like conditions while the south is a very wet region. The northern portion of the Country is part of the Sahal which is a buffer for the wetter southern part of the country against the Sahara which is located to the north of the country. In the Sahel the vegetation resembles that of the movie The Lion King in that it consists primarily of savanna grasses with random outcroppings of small stunted shrubs (see Figure: 3). As you move south towards the Gambia trees become more common. Further south still, there are actual swamps and dense forests. In these forests the typical tropical woods can be found including mahogany, palms and bamboo. In the Gambia and the others rivers as well crocodiles and hippopotamuses can be found. Other animals such as elephants can be found in the eastern portion of the country. Senegal's infamous varieties of snake include the cobra and the boa constrictor. Senegal possess many minerals and other natural resources. Among these is Senegal's principal exploited mineral resource, phosphates.( see figure:5) Iron ore is also present I but it has not yet been exploited due to a lack of accessibility. In the 1970's deposits of both natural gas and petroleum were located off the western coast of Senegal. Figure 5 Senegal's economy is based primarily on agriculture. The soul of the agricultural economy is based on peanuts, literally. Although this is the case Senegal has a growing industrial sector which is the largest in West Africa. Senegal receives aid from France and other European countries through the World Bank. Senegal is starting to learn to budget, and is now only spending $700 million more than the country brings in every year. About 27% of Senegal's land is arable which is very inproportionate to the 78% of the population which relies on subsistence farming. Because of French colonization, Senegal is now the leading producer of peanuts in the world. These peanuts are primarily grown in the north-west but are also grown in other parts of the country. Peanuts and peanut oils constitute a significant percent of the yearly export earnings ranging from 29% in the 80s to 12% in the early 90s . Most of the land is Figure 6 devoted to the production of peanuts and great strides have been made recently to diversify the types of crops grown. (see Figure:6) Among the crops to be grown are; rice, and tomatoes. This will allow the people of Senegal to produce food

Soler Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples

Soler Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples Soler is a Spanish verb frequently used to indicate the action of doing something as a customary practice or that something usually happens. It has no direct English equivalent, but it can be translated as tends to do something or usually does something. This article includes soler conjugations in the present and imperfect indicative, the present and past subjunctive, and other verb forms such as the gerund and past participle. Using the Verb Soler Soler is a unique verb for three different reasons: Soler is a defective verb in that it isnt used in all forms. It is rarely used in tenses other than the present indicative, imperfect indicative and present subjunctive, although it can be used with the past participle to form the present perfect. It isnt used in the preterite, future, or conditional tenses, nor in the imperative mood.As an auxiliary verb, it is always followed by an infinitive verb.Soler is a stem-changing verb, which means that when the stem is stressed, the -o changes to -ue. For example, the first-person indicative present form of soler is suelo. Its stem changes follow the same conjugation pattern as mover. Soler Present Indicative One of the most frequent uses of soler is in the present indicative tense. Notice that the stem changes from -o to -ue in all of the present tense conjugations except nosotros and vosotros. Yo suelo Yo suelo hacer la tarea por la noche. I tend to do my homework at night. Tà º sueles Tà º sueles trabajar muy tarde. You tend to work very late. Usted/à ©l/ella suele Ella suele ir a la iglesia con su madre. She usually goes to church with her mother. Nosotros solemos Nosotros solemos ver televisià ³n por la noche. We usually watch television at night. Vosotros solà ©is Vosotros solà ©is comer comida saludable. You tend to eat healthy food. Ustedes/ellos/ellas suelen Ellos suelen ser muy responsables. They tend to be very responsible. Imperfect Indicative The imperfect is used to talk about ongoing or repeated actions in the past. Soler in the imperfect is usually translated as used to do something. Yo solà ­a Yo solà ­a hacer la tarea por la noche. I used to do my homework at night. Tà º solà ­as Tà º solà ­as trabajar muy tarde. You used to work very late. Usted/à ©l/ella solà ­a Ella solà ­a ir a la iglesia con su madre. She used to go to church with her mother. Nosotros solà ­amos Nosotros solà ­amos ver televisià ³n por la noche. We used to watch television at night. Vosotros solà ­ais Vosotros solà ­ais comer comida saludable. You used to eat healthy food. Ustedes/ellos/ellas solà ­an Ellos solà ­an ser muy responsables. They used to be very responsible. Present Progressive/Gerund Form The gerund verb form can be used as an adverb or to form progressive tenses. This verb form is not very frequently used for the verb soler. Past Participle The past participle can be used as an adjective or to form perfect tenses like the present perfect. Perfect tenses are formed with the auxiliary haber, plus the past participle. Present Perfect of Soler ha solido Ella ha solido ir a la iglesia con su madre. She has tended to go to church with her mother. Soler Present Subjunctive In the present subjunctive there is also a stem change o to ue for all the conjugations except nosotros and vosotros, just like in the present indicative tense. Que yo suela Mi profesor sugiere que yo suela hacer la tarea por la noche. My professor suggests that I tend to do my homework at night. Que tà º suelas La jefa pide que tà º suelas trabajar muy tarde. The boss asks that you tend to work late. Que usted/à ©l/ella suela El padre espera que ella suela ir a la iglesia con su madre. The priest hopes that she tend to go to church with her mother. Que nosotros solamos El nià ±o espera que nosotros solamos ver televisià ³n por la noche. The boy hopes that we tend to watch television at night. Que vosotros solis La doctora espera que vosotros solis comer comida saludable. Your mother hopes that you tend to eat healthy food. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas suelan La consejera recomienda que ellos suelan ser muy responsables. The counselor recommends that they tend to be very responsible. Imperfect Subjunctive The imperfect subjunctive is used in situations that happened in the past, but it has the same usage as the present subjunctive. The imperfect subjunctive has two different possible conjugations: Option 1 Que yo soliera Mi profesor sugerà ­a que yo soliera hacer la tarea por la noche. My professor suggested that I tend to do my homework at night. Que tà º solieras La jefa pedà ­a que tà º solieras trabajar muy tarde. The boss asked that you tend to work late. Que usted/à ©l/ella soliera El padre esperaba que ella soliera ir a la iglesia con su madre. The priest hoped that she tend to go to church with her mother. Que nosotros solià ©ramos El nià ±o esperaba que nosotros solià ©ramos ver televisià ³n por la noche. The boy hoped that we tend to watch television at night. Que vosotros solierais La doctora esperaba que vosotros solierais comer comida saludable. Your mother hoped that you tend to eat healthy food. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas solieran La consejera recomendaba que ellos solieran ser muy responsables. The counselor recommended that they tend to be very responsible. Option 2 Que yo soliese Mi profesor sugerà ­a que yo soliese hacer la tarea por la noche. My professor suggested that I tend to do my homework at night. Que tà º solieses La jefa pedà ­a que tà º solieses trabajar muy tarde. The boss asked that you tend to work late. Que usted/à ©l/ella soliese El padre esperaba que ella soliese ir a la iglesia con su madre. The priest hoped that she tend to go to church with her mother. Que nosotros solià ©semos El nià ±o esperaba que nosotros solià ©semos ver televisià ³n por la noche. The boy hoped that we tend to watch television at night. Que vosotros solieseis La doctora esperaba que vosotros solieseis comer comida saludable. Your mother hoped that you tend to eat healthy food. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas soliesen La consejera recomendaba que ellos soliesen ser muy responsables. The counselor recommended that they tend to be very responsible.

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 40

Ethics - Essay Example 2. In this case scenario, a follower of moral pluralism would put into consideration various moral perspectives before deciding whether or not to help Hitler get out of the water; ultimately, the follower of moral pluralism would not help Hitler because not helping him is in conformity with many moral perspectives. On the other hand, a follower of Kantian deontology would help Hitler because failure to help him to get out of the water is tantamount to treating him not as end in itself, but rather as a mean to some end. 3. The main difference between ethics of care and other ethical theories is that, unlike other ethical theories that emphasize on application of universal principles in overcoming moral dilemmas, ethics of care advocates for consideration of the particular action committed and the circumstances under which the action was performed in determining the morality of an action. Ethics of care hold that application of universal ethical principles in solving ethical conflicts can lead to moral indifference in some circumstances. Ethics of care advocates for focus on the best way to respond in solving moral dilemmas. 4. Sartre claims that any explanation that deflects one’s complete responsibility is an example in bad faith. This is because an authentic moral agent for Sartre is a person who acts in freedom. Freedom and authenticity are key in Sartre’s ethical worldview. Freedom for Sartre means the ability for self-determination, while authenticity means the ability to be genuine in one’s actions. For Sartre, an authentic moral agent is free to genuinely make his moral decisions. Sartre’s authentic moral agent is different from Kantian ideal moral agent because, for Kant, ideal moral agent is a person who is restricted by the prevailing rules and regulations; Kant’s ideal agent is not free in his moral decisions. 5. An emotivist philosopher would lodge the following critique against the Rossian Pluralism: the Rossian

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 3

International Business - Essay Example (Appelbaum and Lichtenstein, 2006, pp.106-107). These global networks create buyer-driven commodity chains, which play the crucial role in shaping the world’s markets, setting the prices, and decide on the global distribution of labor. Both the UK and the US economies have undergone dramatic changes following the retail revolutions. The US is home to 7 out of 10 largest world retailers, which account for 30.1% of all sales of the 250 retailers(Campling,n.d). The most important US retailer is Wal-Mart, which owns nearly 4200 stores all over the world. In the UK, there are four big retail chains: Tesco, Asda, Safeway and Sainsbury, which possess 65% of the national market share (Burt and Sparks, 2003, p.239). Such market concentration, in the US case on international scale, has never taken place before. Thus, rapid rise of retail chains has benefited their shareholders and managers with enormous profits; Sam Walton, the founder of Wal-Mart, was ranked as the richest man in the U nited States from 1982 to 1988. Wal-Mart also created workplaces for 1.35 million associates all over the world. Thus, shareholders, managers and employees of large retail chains are definite winners of retail revolutions. However, there have been also waves of criticism regarding negative impact of retail concentration on suppliers, suppliers, and society in general (Seth and Randall, 2001, pp.256-257). Both the UK and the US economies have undergone dramatic changes following the retail revolutions. This paper focuses on the cases of Wal-Mart and the four leading UK retail leaders to contrast and compare the retail revolutions in both countries, their key factors, characteristics, and the winners and the losers of retail revolutions in the UK and US. To start with, while the changing structure of British retailing has affected the markets only on a national and local scale, the rise of large US retailers has had an enormous impact on the global economy (Burt and Sparks, 2001). In 2001, the world’s thirty largest retailers, most of them based in the USA or the European Union countries, reached the annual revenues of nearly 1.3 trillion dollars. The report by an international consulting group Deloitte from 2008 reveals that the economic concentration of the largest world retailers is growing continuously; in 2005 alone the market share of 10 largest retail companies increased 10 %, accounting for the 30.1% of all sales of the 250 top retailers (Campling, n.d). While 7 out of 10 the largest retailers are US-based companies, such as the world leader Wal-Mart or Home Depot, there is only one UK company, a grocery and general merchandising retailer, Tesco, in this ranking. Thus, the influence of the US leading retailers on the global economy is greater than of any other country; Wal-Mart alone operates nearly 4200 stores and employs nearly 1.35 million associates all over the world (Burt and Sparks, 2001). It owns over 386 million ft 2 of floor space in the US and 80 million ft2 abroad, with approximately 94 000 ft2 of sale space in each discount store and 182 000 ft2 per supercenter. In fiscal year 2000 Wal-Mart added 30 million ft2 to its floor space, planning to add further 40 million ft2 of space in 2001. In comparison, the British leading supermarket chain ASDA owns a total of only 18.8 million ft2, out of which 52% is sale space. That great difference in the scales of the UK and the US retail activities is also reflected through the overall share of world trade of these

Dystopian Society Present in 1984 and Fahrenheit 451 Essay Example for Free

Dystopian Society Present in 1984 and Fahrenheit 451 Essay The idea of a dystopian society is that of complete control, either through the use of a police state that has ultimate control over humanity and or the idea of man abusing technology to further gain control of its subjects. These ideas are very present in both novels. In 1984, the totalitarian state is technically and urbanely engineered to spy on and see peoples very thoughts. In Fahrenheit 451 a similar idea is used in the outlawing of literature and the use of denunciations to capture and punish those deemed to have broken the law. This essay is going to explore the idea of Man’s struggle against the society which seeks to break him, erasing the individual, resulting in the mindless slaves to society, the very idea that the authors warn against. In 1984, the constant barrage of information regarding the greatness of the state and Big Brothers supremacy over the common man forces everyone to consent and believe in the totalitarian state. The party justifies itself by eliminating the individual, giving power to everyone as being part of the collective power of the party as O’Brien mentions  «if he can escape from his identity, if he can merge himself in the party so that he is the party, then he is all-powerful and immortal  » the party’s belief that they control everything even human reality portrays how far a totalitarian government can go in achieving complete control of humanity. This can be clearly seen in 1984, where O’Brien tortures Winston to the point where he is capable of relinquishing all humanity, all common sense until the point where O’Brien tells Winston that two and two make five. Winston loses all sense of individuality to the point where conforms to the party and denounces his true love Julia. Through the use of fear and crushing oppression, the idea of love apart from love for big brother and the party is all that remains. Therefore the Party succeed in their aims, obedience through the use of force and fear. The central conflict of the novel is Man-vs. Society, as with Fahrenheit 451. Winston constantly struggled for individuality in a society were there is no â€Å"I† there is only ‘we†, individuality and freedom of expression is forbidden, punishable by death. The party wishes to control all of humanity, eradicating the â€Å"sex instinct†, O’Brien says  « we will abolish the orgasm  »  « there will be no loyalty, except loyalty towards the party. There will be no love, except the love of big brother†¦ there will be no art, no literature, no science  », in this, the party’s aims are clear. They seek to destroy what it is to be human, to create a population of hollow men, loyal to none but the party, un-thinking, un-loving slaves of the party, tools. As in 1984, the state in Fahrenheit wish to crush creative thinking, eradicating humanity in the process. The burning of books, similar to the book burnings of Nazi Germany show the totalitarian, dystopian need to control the thoughts of the masses. By doing this, they control the past, and therefore the future. They are able to rewrite history to justify their acts, indoctrinating the youth to believe in their cause, just as the Nazis did. In Fahrenheit 451, as in 1984, symbolism and reversible meanings are present which can also be seen as conflicting emotions in the protagonist and the struggle to find a place in society. In 451, the contrasting ideas of fire and water are very interesting. The firemen are not as tradition tells, protectors of the people, putting out fires and saving lives, but using fire to burn and destroy literature. Their role is to destroy, to burn human creativeness. Captain Beatty, chief of the fire department, believes that fire is bright and fire is clean. This idea contradicts the norm of fire is destructive and evil. This represents the twisted ideas of authority, reversing the meaning of words, rewriting them to justify their aims of total control over humanity. The masses fail to see the true meaning of these words, or perhaps they have forgotten. This shows how far the totalitarian government has succeeded in indoctrinating people into believing what ever they wish them to. However, the protagonists in both novels are depicted as being marginalised because they do not share the same ideas, due to morals and ideals that they can only express in their minds, far from the reach of the state, a lonely free island in a sea of relentless waves. The idea of water by Bradbury is used to cleanse montag’s soul. The water saves Montag, cleansing him of the scent of society, he is thus reborn. In addition, when Montag is trying to escape the helicopters and the mechanical hound, the tools of the totalitarian government, the stream hides and saves him until it is safe to return to land. Montag indulges himself in the water and there was only the cold river and Montag floating in a sudden peacefulness, away from the city and the lights and the chase, away from everything in this the water saves him, purifies him, the opposite of the dystopian symbol, fire. Water is portrayed as the flow of humanity. In 1984, the party uses contrasting ideas in their party slogans such as  « War is peace, freedom is slavery, ignorance is strength  » these contrasting ideas represent perfectly the party’s ideals. The individual and the freedom that comes with it actually results in slavery in the dystopian society, ignorance of the truth of what the party is really about protects you from persecution of the thought police. The use of these contradicting words and the lack of opposition, mean that the party have succeeded in their indoctrination of the masses as no one has the ability to see past the words to see their true sense, even Winston and Julia remain troubled by it. In a dystopian society, the state exerts complete control over its population through oppression, terror and the constant use of propaganda. This is apparent in both novels. Both novels are predictions of a future controlled by totalitarian states. The thoughtpolice in 1984 use brainwashing, spies and denunciations to control the party however the proles are generally untouched. This is similar to Nazi Germany in that only those who rebelled or were undesirables in society were quashed, the general population remained untouched. By comparing Nazi Germany and the era in which this novel was written, we can see the blatant warning against future governments similar to the National Socialists led by Hitler and the state of terror and oppression and ethic cleansing which was deemed for the greater good. O’Brien says to Winston â€Å"perhaps you have returned to your old idea that the proletarians or the slaves will arise and overthrow us. Put it out of your mind. They are helpless, like the animals. Humanity is the party. † This shows the view that the totalitarian government controls all that is humanity and the lower classes remain irrelevant because they have neither the knowledge nor the power to overthrow those who control reality. They control the laws of nature, the past, the present and the future. However, Fahrenheit 451 does not elaborate on the political aims of the ruling party apart from their desire to quash human creativity and the ideas of individuality. Yet it remains a typical part of dystopian ideology to desire to control every aspect of the masses and even humanity itself. The use of the  « telescreen  » is an interesting concept that is abundant in both texts. The use of the telescreen in Fahrenheit 451 is that this became the populaces way of interacting with others without physically interacting with them, as people became detached from literature, from freedom. The people on these televisions were your family, who would keep you company and be your friend, spurting propaganda and essentially keeping people in check. The telescreen in 1984, shared the same idea but consisted of other more sinister uses such as spying on those suspected of thoughtcrime, revolutionary thoughts against the party, overhearing conversations and playing militaristic key speeches and propaganda techniques seen in Nazi Germany with the peoples radio. However this form of propaganda could never be switched off. This shows the ingsoc party’s ability to penetrate every single aspect of humanity and society, the idea that  « big brother is watching you  « is very well demonstrated. This of course being the reason why Winston and Julia were captured and tortured by the state. The use of the Telescreen can be noted in Winston and Julia’s struggle in that they are constantly bombarded by party propaganda, possibly overheard by the party through speakers hidden in the screen. This creates pressure to conform for fear of being found out and sent to the ministry of love for reconditioning. The underlying fear of the unknown bound them to neither conform nor rebel. They are lost in a society which they cannot escape and do not wish to be a part of, yet they have no choice. I believe that under this amount of pressure, anyone would fall and conform to whatever the Party demands, as the individual is no match for the collective power of the Party. Winston is not just a character in the story, but an idea. Winston is an anachronism. His mind and personality are not defined by the Party slogans, by the Party’s ideas of what he should be. From his own point of view he is an individual; from the Party’s point of view he is a flaw in the reality it is creating. The story follows Winston and his struggle for individualism and his overpowering feelings of humanity, the very feelings that the party try to destroy, which they eventually do through horrific torture spread over months. O’Brien says to him whilst trying to brainwash him  « you are the last man†¦you are the guardian of the human spirit.  » Winston then looks into the mirror and sees the frail creature that he had become. O’Brien does this to show the extent to which his party can destroy humanity and rebuild it to their designs. He then goes on to say  « Do you see that thing facing you? That is the last man. If you are human, that is humanity.  » Convincing Winston that his struggle in futile, the control of the party is infinite, they create the law around them to meet their ends of controlling everything, and everyone. Winston is eventually brainwashed and ends up loving bigbrother, thus the aims of the party complete. In conclusion, the extent to which 1984 refers to a dystopian society compared to Fahrenheit 451 is at once different yet similar. The ideas of the party relate to those of the Nazis and soviet Russia; the lies, the oppression, the propaganda, the removal of civil liberties and the crushing of humanity. However 1984 is an extreme version of this prediction of the future. Fahrenheit explores more the emotional changes in Montag that convinces him to relinquish his part in destroying freedom of expression enforced by the fireman and the state and to embrace his curiosity and his humanity. 984 ends with the destruction of Winston, finally loving bigbrother, his love for Julia destroyed, his individuality crushed they had both failed themselves and each other and lost to power of â€Å"Big Brother. † Orwell was a firm believer in Marxism and the need for the proletarian to rise up and equalise society. These two tales are a warning of the dangers of dystopian societies, the need f or humanity to shed this society that has become so desensitised and to be aware of the reliance on technology, before it is too late.

Watching Tennis and A Subaltern’s Love Song Essay -- English Literatur

Watching Tennis and A Subaltern’s Love Song Introduction The themes and ideas are so similar that if one was to briefly explain what both poems were about, you would think that they were exactly the same poems. Yet what really separates these two poems is their technical side. Form The form of a poem can be mainly observed by looking at and listening to the poem. Rhyme scheme, verse length, and line length are but a few examples of a poem’s form. A Subaltern’s Love song is a relatively long poem compared to Watching Tennis. It contains eleven verses, each of four lines length. There are between ten and thirteen syllables in each line. As this poem tells us a story and has a regular rhyme scheme, it is a narrative and can be classed as a ballad. It contains rhyming couplets which show a sense of control and harmony. Watching Tennis is a less orthodox poem. It is a Petrarchan sonnet, containing fourteen lines. This type of sonnet is divided up into two verses, one of length eight lines; the other of six. John Heath Stubbs has divided these two verses in equal lengths again. This results in both halves of the poem containing different verse lengths. The first two verses contain four lines, whereas the last two verses contain three lines. The rhyming scheme too is unorthodox. The rhyming scheme is in the form ABAB for the first two verses and although the first two verses rhyme in order, the last two don’t. This shows how the author is trying to create an image of loss of control and harmony. Style Both poems have a very distinct style. A Subaltern’s Love Song has a very strict and orthodox rhythm which emphasises the idea of how the man gets closer and closer to his dream woman. The steady... ... league. However, A Subaltern’s Love Song talks more in a hopeful, jocular light. The man believes that the girl is in a different league to him. He also talks in a very graceful, pleasant and sweet way about the girl, â€Å"Speed of a swallow, Grace of a boy.† He talks in less of a seductive sexy way as Heath-Stubbs does. â€Å"Your mouth on mine found its silent need.† However, Heath-Stubbs also talks about how the girl is graceful and delicate, â€Å"You move like a dancer,† Conclusion In conclusion, although both poems share very similar ideas and themes, they differ on the technical side. A Subaltern’s Love Song is written in a much more orthodox fashion than Watching Tennis. However, one major concept which both poems share is that they both commence with the idea of the man and woman in love with each other as hopeless, and end with that idea a being hopeful.

How to Communicate Bad News Effectively Essay

Communication is the activity of conveying information through the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, visuals, signals, writing, or behavior. Communication requires a sender, a message, and a recipient, although the receiver need not be present or aware of the sender’s intent to communicate at the time of communication; thus communication can occur across vast distances in time and space. Communication requires that the communicating parties share an area of communicative commonality. The communication process is complete once the receiver has understood the message of the sender. Feedback is critical to effective communication between participants. A business can flourish when all objectives of the organization are achieved effectively. For efficiency in an organization, all the people of the organization must be able to convey their message properly. Business communication is the process of establishing a common understanding between or among people within a business environment. Business communication is any communication used to build partnerships, intellectual resources, to promote an idea, a product, and service, with the objective of creating value for your business. Business communication involves constant flow of information. Business communication here plays a very important role in process of directing and controlling the people in the organization. There should be effective communication between superiors and subordinators in an organization, between organization and society at large it is essential for success and growth of an organization. Communication gaps should not occur in any organization. Business communication is goal oriented. The rules, regulations and policies of a company have to be communicated to people  within and outside the organization. Business communication is regulated by certain rules and norms . Effective communication helps in building goodwill of an organization. Importance of business communication to managers Business managers should be able to communicate in number style. -Communication promotes motivation by informing and clarifying the employees about the task to be done, the manner they are performing the task, and how to improve their performance if it is not up to mark. -Communication is a source of information to the organizational members for decision-making process as it helps in identifying and assessing alternative course of actions. -Communication also plays a crucial role in altering individuals attitudes, i.e. a well-informed individual will have better attitude than a less –informed individual. -Communication also helps in socializing: in today’s life the only presence of another individual fosters communication. The flow of communication in an organization The flow of communication in an organization can be in the form of : Downward Communication – flow of information from higher level in an organization to a lower level in an organization. In other words, communication from a superior to subordinates in a chain of command is a downward communication. This communication flow is used by the managers to transmit work related information to the employees at lower levels. Employees require this information for performing their jobs and for meeting the expectations of their managers. Downward communication is used by managers for providing feedback on employees’ performance, giving job instructions, Communicating the organizations mission and vision to the employees. Upward Communication – flow of information from lower authority to higher authority. It provides feedback on how well the organization is functioning. The subordinates use upward communication to convey their problems and performances to their superiors. The subordinates also use upward communication to tell how well they have understood the downward communication. It can also be used by the employees to share their views and ideas and to participate in the decision making process. Upward  communication leads to a more committed and loyal workforce in an organization because the employees are given a chance to raise and speak dissatisfaction issues to the higher levels. The managers get to know about the employees feelings towards their jobs, peers, supervisors and organization in general. Managers can thus accordingly take actions for improved things. Horizontal Communication – flow of information among peers within the same work unit. This is the communication between peers, between managers at same levels or between any horizontal equivalent organizational members. Cross-Channel Communication – exchange of information among employees in different work units who are neither subordinates nor superior to one another. Negative /Bad message Bad message – â€Å"†¦situations where there is either a feeling of no hope, a threat to a person’s mental or physical well-being, a risk of upsetting an established lifestyle, or where a message is given which conveys to an individual fewer choices in his or her life.† Both of the downward and cross channel communication can be related to the concept of relating bad message to an employee. It can be said that how you communicate that bad message will have a significant impact on your organization and its reputation. Bad message can be in any form, it can be i.Termination of appointment ii.Laying off employees iii.Failure in an interview iv.Dealing with bad performance v.Communicating a bad financial situation vi.Rejection of a proposal, among others Communicating bad message is the most difficult information to convey. To those it affects though, it is the most important communication of all. Delivering bad news can be the worst part of the job for any manager. That’s not because the truth, on its face, is difficult to convey. It’s the anxiety of the possibility of handling it poorly and knowing that doing so can worsen the impact on your employees, their productivity, and your whole  company. Any communication can be challenging even when the news being delivered is positive, but when delivered is negative is known as bad message. In business a letter, memo or email that conveys negative or unpleasant information- information that is likely to disappoint, upset, or even anger a reader. Bad messages include rejections (in response to job applications, promotion requests, and the like) negative evaluations, and announcements of policy changes that don’t benefit the reader. What constitutes bad message Bad message is a fact of life for all business professionals, from rejecting job applicants to downturn speaking invitations. Bad message means the reader or the person receiving the news will not be able to accomplish his/her goals. Bad message directly can often be very damaging and unnecessarily hurtful. Goals of communicating bad message Goals are clearly needed a lot to accomplish in one message. These are some of the goals you can develop negative/bad messages that reduce the stress for everyone involved and improve the effectiveness of your communication efforts. There are two goals in communicating bad news we have the primary and secondary goal. Primary goals i. Make the receiver understand the bad news. ii. Help the receiver accept the bad news. iii. Maintain a positive image of you and your organization. Secondary goals i. Reduce bad feelings ii. Convey fairness iii. Eliminate future correspondence iv. Avoid creating legal liability or responsibility for you or your organization. v. Choose appropriate tone and organization Using the 3 writing process Step 1: Plan Your Message When planning your message, you can’t avoid the fact that your audience does not want to hear what you have to say. To minimize the damage to business relationships and to encourage the acceptance of your message, analyze the situation carefully to better understand the context in which the recipient will process your message. Be sure to consider your purpose thoroughly whether it’s straightforward or of more complicated (such as creating a negative performance review, in which you not only give the employee feedback on past performance but also help the person develop a plan to improve future performance.) Similarly, your receiver profile can be simple and obvious in some situations and far more complex in others (such as telling a business partner that you’ve decided to terminate the partnership.) With a clear purpose and your audience’s needs in mind, identify and gather the information your audience will need in order to understand and accept your message. Bad messages can be intensely personal to the recipient, and in many cases recipients have a right to expect a thorough explanation of your answer. Selecting the right medium is critical when delivering bad messages. For example, you might badly damage a business relationship if you use voice mail to reject a long-time employee’s request for a promotion. Since the employee would surely have some important questions to ask, and you would certainly want to soothe hurt feelings, a face-to-face meeting would be the best choice for this situation. Step 2: Write Your Message When conveying a bad message to your colleague, every aspect of effective, diplomatic writing is amplified; after all, the audience does not want to hear a bafd message and might disagree strongly with you. Be sure to maintain the you-attitude, and strive for polite language that emphasizes the positive whenever appropriate. If your credibility hasn’t already been established with an audience, lay out your qualifications for making the decision in question. Recipients of bad messages who don’t think you are credible are more likely to challenge your decision. That’s why, for example, messages related to late payments are often signed by a higher executive. And as always, projecting and protecting your company’s image is a prime concern. If you’re not careful, a negative answer could spin out of control into negative feelings about your company. When you use language that conveys respect and avoids an accusing tone, you protect your audience’s pride. In addition, you can ease the sense of disappointment by using positive words rather than negative ones. Chances are you’ll spend more time on word, sentence, and paragraph choices for negative/bad messages than for any other type of business writing. People who receive bad message often look for subtle shares of meaning, seeking flaws in your reasoning or other ways to challenge the decision. By writing clearly and sensitively, you can take some of the sting out of the bad message and sensitively, you can take some of the sting out of bad news and help your reader to accept your decision and to move on. Step 3: Complete Your Message Your need for carefully pay attention to detail continues as you complete your message. Revise your content to make sure everything is clear, complete, and concise – bearing in mind that even small flaws are magnified as listeners react to your negative news. Produce clear, professional documents, and proofread carefully to eliminate mistakes. Finally, be especially sure that your negative messages are delivered promptly and successfully. Waiting for bad message is hard enough without wondering whether a message was lost. CHOOSING THE BEST APPROACH Conveying bad message to a colleague is never a pleasant task but breaking it at the wrong time or in the wrong way can be the worse, so it’s important  to know the best approaches to breaking bad news. When writing bad message, you will need to choose the direct or indirect approach; however, there are no clear guidelines to help you choose in every case. Ask yourself the following questions to guide your message: i. Will the bad news come as a shock? ii. Does the recipient prefer short messages that get right to the point? iii. How important is this news to the recipient? iv. Do you need to maintain a close working relationship with the recipient? v. Do you need to get the recipient’s attention? vi. What is your organization’s preferred style? vii. How much follow-up communication do you want? CHOOSING POSITIVE WORDS Examples of negative phrasings| Positive alternatives| Your request does not make any sense| Please clarify your request| Due to unforeseen circumstances: I won’t be able to attend your meeting| Because my flight has been delayed I will miss for your meeting.| Unfortunately we haven’t received your payment.| Your payment hasn’t arrived yet.| The enclosed signature is wrong| Please recheck the enclosed signature.| | | | APPROACHES TO DELIVERING BAD MESSAGE The direct approach and the indirect approach Effective bad news messages convey the negative information the receiver must receive with an eye toward keeping future business. Without even thinking about it, you’ve probably been using both the direct and indirect approaches to deliver bad news your entire life. When you come right out and tell somebody some bad news, you’re using a direct approach. When you try to soften the impact by easing your way into the conversation before delivering the bad news, you’re using an indirect approach. Chances are that you’ve already developed an instinctive feel for which approach to use in many situations. In conveying your message, you will need to make a similar choice whenever you deliver bad news; however, there are no clear guidelines to help you choose in every case. Most bad news messages will be better accepted by our listeners if we use the indirect approach. The care we take to soften the blow will result in effective messages that consider the readers’ feelings and keeping their business. The direct approach We use the direct message when the receiver i. Prefers bad news first ii. Is emotionally uninvolved iii. Will be unaffected by the bad news The Indirect Approach for bad Messages The indirect approach helps recipient prepare for the bad message by presenting the reasons for the bad message first. When done right, it doesn’t obscure bad message, delay it, or limits your responsibility. Rather, the indirect approach eases the blow and help recipient accept the situation. 1. Open with a buffer A buffer expresses your appreciation for being thought of, assures the reader of your attention to the request, compliments the recipient, or indicates your understanding of the recipient’s needs. A buffer must not insult the audience with insincere flattery or self-promoting blather. Because it sets the stage for the bad news to follow, it must be both sincere and relevant so that readers don’t feel they are being set up. The first step in using the indirect approach is to start with a buffer, a neutral, non-controversial statement that is closely related to the point of the message. A buffer establishes common ground with your listener; moreover, if you’re responding to a request, a buffer validates that request. Some critics believe that using a buffer is manipulative and unethical, even dishonest. However, buffers are unethical only if they’re insincere or deceptive. Showing consideration for the feelings of others is never dishonest. Here are several types of effective buffers you could use to tactfully open a bad message. viii. Appreciation (Thank you for applying for a change of duties). ix. Agreement (We both know how hard it is to make a profit in this industry). x. Cooperation xi. Understanding xii. Praise Here are some other things to avoid when using a buffer to open a bad message: xiii. Avoid saying â€Å"no.† xiv. Avoid using a know-it-all tone. xv. Avoid wordy and irrelevant phrases and sentences. xvi. Avoid apologizing. xvii. Avoid using a buffer that is too long 2. Provide Reasons: By giving your reasons effectively, you help maintain focus on the issues at hand and defuse the emotions that always accompany significantly bad news. As you lay out your reasons, guide your readers’ responses by starting with the most positive point’s first and moving forward to increasingly negative ones. Provide enough detail for the receiver to understand your reasons, but be concise; a long, roundabout explanation will just make your audience impatient. Your reasons need to convince your receiver that your decision is justified, fair, and logical. 3. Continue with a Clear Statement of the Bad News: First, de-emphasize the bad message: Minimize the space or time devoted to the bad news—without trivializing it or withholding any important information. Subordinate bad news in a complex or compound sentence (â€Å"My department is already shorthanded, so I’ll need all my staff for at least the next two months†) This construction pushes the bad news into the middle of the sentence, the point of least emphasis. Embed bad news in the middle of a paragraph or use parenthetical expression (â€Å"Our profits, which are down, are only part of the picture†). However, keep in mind that it’s possible to abuse de-emphasis. For instance,  if the primary point of your message is that profits are down, it would be inappropriate to marginalize that news by burying it in the middle of a sentence. Second, use a conditional (if or when) statement to imply that the audience could have received, or might someday receive, a favorable answer (â€Å"When you have more managerial experience, you are welcome to reapply†). Such a statement could motivate applicants to improve their qualifications. Third, emphasize what you can do or have done, rather than what you cannot do. (â€Å"The five positions currently open have been filled with people whose qualification match those uncovered in our research†). By focusing on the positive and implying the bad news, you make the impact less personal. When implying bad news, be sure your audience understands the entire message – including the bad news. Withholding negative information or overemphasizing positive information is unethical and unfair to your reader. If an implied message might lead to uncertainty, state your decision in direct terms. Just be sure to avoid overly blunt statements that are likely to cause pain and anger. TECHNIQUES FOR CUSHIONING THE BAD MESSAGE i. Position the bad news strategically, avoid the spotlight: Put the bad news in the middle of a paragraph halfway through the message ii. Use a long sentence: Don’t put the bad news in a short, simple sentence. iii. Place the bad message in a subordinate clause: Although we have no opening for an individual with your qualifications at this time, we are pleased that you thought of us when you started your job search. iv. Be clear but not overly graphic v. Imply the refusal vi. Suggest a compromise or an alternative vii. Consider using the passive voice: Passive-voice verbs focus attention on actions rather than on personalities. They are useful in being tactful. COMMUNICATING BAD MESSAGE EFFECTIVELY 5CS Once you have carefully choosing the approach you would use to communicate effectively using these techniques you should know that the objective of a bad message is to convey the bad news without bruising the reader’s feelings. 5Cs to communicate bad message effectively i. Cutbacks: Avoid statements that might involve the company in legal actions. One thing that won’t be appreciated right now is sugar coating. Don’t wrap the news in pretty paper or dance around it. Plainly specify who, what, where, and how. ii. Context: Explain the reasons for the problem don’t be out of context be on point and give reasons, do not deviate from the reason to please the listener. iii. Compassion: Try as much as possible not to blame anyone around the resulting condition. Respect and proactively acknowledge natural emotions. iv. Candor: Candor means the quality of being open and honest in expression. The truth may hurt, but any attempt to mislead is unforgiveable. v. Consistency: Conform yourself in conveying the news for the sake of accuracy and fairness. Everything communicates avoid saying one thing and doing another. ELEMENTS /TIP OF BAD MESSAGE OF COMMUNICATION i. Set the stage: When framing your delivery of the message, first try to get into their heads and think about what’s important to them. Think about how the news will impact the audience and also think about how it impacts you. Then relay that information. By revealing your personal feelings about the situation, you can build a rapport and practice empathy that can help to fend off the audience’s natural reactions which may be anger, resentment or any number of other feelings. ii. Be direct: Avoid talking too much and clouding the issues. It’s important to succinctly explain the situation and the steps that must be taken. Don’t try to sugar coat the message because you’ll likely end up confusing your audience. iii. Acknowledge the problem: When bad news has to be delivered despite the hard work and efforts of the team, it is imperative that you acknowledge and recognize their efforts and then carefully explain the decision along with the plan for turning things around. iv. Know what you want the audience to feel, think or do after they hear your news. Then, as you’re framing your delivery, be sure to communicate the facts, the steps that are being taken, and what you need them to do. v. Practice: As with just about anything, practice makes perfect. By rehearsing the conversation, you’ll become more comfortable and confident about what needs to be said. And, when you deliver the news with confidence, your audience is much more likely to not only respect you, but also be able to accept that the bad news is out there and you’re now doing everything you can to make things right. vi. Stay on topic: When having to deliver bad news, it’s very easy to take an off-ramp and become side-tracked as a way to avoid the inevitable. By doing this, you’re only making the task harder for yourself and more confusing for your audience. vii. Don’t let your audience steer the conversation: Bad news can make people emotional, particularly when it involves performance feedback or the need to terminate employment. Acknowledge the other person’s feelings, give them a minute (or 10) to collect themselves, and move forward with the conversation. Putting it off for another day doesn’t help anyone in the long run. viii. Provide alternatives: When it’s necessary to provide critical feedback, it’s necessary to also provide alternative actions as well as a timeline for completion. While you may have some concrete ideas for actions that need to be taken, you’ll be better served by following the next two steps before firming up your plan. ix. Ask for feedback: Ask your audience open-ended questions that are directly related to the issue at hand and do what you can to make the environment safe enough to allow the person or people to feel comfortable sharing their thoughts and ideas. x. Listen. : By not speaking and trying to fill in the gaps in the conversation, you are opening the door for the other person to provide feedback and to communicate what they really think. In addition, make sure you’re actively listening to what they have to say rather than thinking about how great it will be when the conversation is finally over. By listening, you’ll be much better able to work with the person or team to move beyond the bad message and begin the work that needs to be done to rectify the situation. DON’TS IN COMMUNICATING BAD MESSAGE i. Do not make promises about the future that may not hold true. ii. Do not overreact. iii. Do not try to protect others from bad news or yourself from sharing it. iv. Don’t make initial statement or announcement through emails. v. Don’t flout company policy if you want to share something you have been asked not to. vi. Don’t let the receiver hear the news outside. vii. Don’t communicate bad news through text messages. viii. Don’t hide behind company policy.

Minimum Wage And The Labor Act Of 1938 - 2220 Words

This research paper will be addressing minimum wage and the comparison and correlation of it from when it was first instituted through the Fair Labor Act of 1938 to now in 2015. This paper will also go into the inequality of pay concerning women as well. Some factors that I’m focusing on are instances that have affected minimum wage, firstly the affect that unions had in guaranteeing the continuing rise of minimum wage along with inflation until it began to stagnate in the 1970s, which seemed to happen in correlation with the decline of companies encouraging unions; and, secondly what has happened to the work force as a result of women transitioning from free home and domestic work to paid jobs in the market place in such great numbers.†¦show more content†¦Minimum wage affects many people and by understanding its evolvement throughout the years we can better understand how our government can better provide for those working minimum wage jobs today. Inequality is an i nevitable factor in a capitalist market, people need proper incentives to work hard and be productive, and the incentive of more money or more opportunity is the driving force of capitalism and even the American dream. However there are several current complications that even those who are actively employed are living under the poverty line, like stated previously minimum wage from when it was first implemented raised along with inflation but then began to lose momentum in the 1970s and since then it began to stagnate and then drop along with increased inflation; if minimum wage were to be raise to $10.10 to become congruent with inflation it would bring 4 million people above the poverty line. Congress instituted the minimum wage in 1938 as part of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). The first minimum wage stood at 25 cents an hour. The last minimum wage increase occurred in 2007, when Congress raised the rate in steps from $5.15 an hour that year to $7.25 an hour in July 2009. Th e District of Columbia and 19 states have also established local minimum wages higher than the federal rate. The highest state minimum wage in the country occurs in Washington State at $9.32 an hour, however